Function Library

DataChain ships built-in functions in dc.func that run inside the Query Engine as SQL. They never touch Python at runtime and execute at warehouse speed.

All functions are accessed through dc.func after import datachain as dc.

Distance Functions

Array distance functions for vector search and analytics:

import datachain as dc

chain.mutate(
    cos_dist=dc.func.cosine_distance("embedding", target_embedding),
    euc_dist=dc.func.euclidean_distance("embedding", target_embedding),
)

• cosine_distance(column, reference): cosine distance between two vectors
• euclidean_distance(column, reference): Euclidean distance
• l2_distance(column, reference): L2 (squared Euclidean) distance

Aggregate Functions

Standard SQL aggregates, usable in group_by:

import datachain as dc

chain.group_by(
    avg_size=dc.func.avg("file.size"),
    total_size=dc.func.sum("file.size"),
    count=dc.func.count(),
    partition_by="column.category",
)

• count(): number of rows
• sum(col): total of a numeric column
• avg(col): arithmetic mean
• min(col), max(col): minimum/maximum value
• collect(col): gather values into a list
• concat(col): concatenate string values
• any_value(col): arbitrary value from the group

Window Functions

Partitioned analytics without leaving the engine:

import datachain as dc

w = dc.func.window(partition_by="category", order_by="created_at")
chain.mutate(
    row_num=dc.func.row_number().over(w),
    running_rank=dc.func.rank().over(w),
    first_path=dc.func.first("file.path").over(w),
)

• window(partition_by=, order_by=): creates a window spec (both required)
• rank(): rank with gaps for ties
• dense_rank(): rank without gaps
• row_number(): sequential row number within partition
• first(col): first value in the partition

Path Functions

Work natively with storage paths via dc.func.path.*:

import datachain as dc

chain.mutate(
    ext=dc.func.path.file_ext("file.path"),
    stem=dc.func.path.file_stem("file.path"),
    filename=dc.func.path.name("file.path"),
    parent=dc.func.path.parent("file.path"),
)

Conditional Functions

SQL-style branching:

import datachain as dc

chain.mutate(
    label=dc.func.case(
        (dc.C("score") > 0.9, "high"),
        (dc.C("score") > 0.5, "medium"),
        else_="low",
    ),
    status=dc.func.ifelse(dc.func.isnone("result"), "pending", "done"),
)

• case((cond, val), ..., else_=): multi-branch conditional
• ifelse(cond, true_val, false_val): two-branch conditional
• isnone(col): null check

String Functions

String operations via dc.func.string.*:

• length(col): string length
• split(col, sep): split on separator
• replace(col, old, new): substring replacement
• regexp_replace(col, pattern, replacement): regex-based replacement

Numeric / Bit Functions

• bit_and(col_a, col_b), bit_or, bit_xor: bitwise operations
• bit_hamming_distance(col_a, col_b): Hamming distance between bit vectors

Hash Functions (ClickHouse only)

• sip_hash_64(col): SipHash-2-4 producing a 64-bit integer
• int_hash_64(col): integer hash producing a 64-bit integer